Finding a bump on your gums can be surprising—and sometimes a little concerning. While not all gum bumps are serious, they’re always worth paying attention to. Your gums play an essential role in protecting your teeth and overall oral health, so any unusual change should be evaluated by a dentist. Here are some of the most common reasons why you may notice a bump on your gums and what you can do about it.
Dental Abscess
One of the most common causes of a gum bump is a dental abscess. This happens when a bacterial infection develops in the root of a tooth or in the gum tissue. An abscess may look like a small pimple on the gum and is often painful. You may also notice swelling, pus, or a bad taste in your mouth. Abscesses won’t go away on their own and require prompt dental treatment, usually involving drainage, antibiotics, and addressing the infected tooth through a root canal or extraction.
Cysts
Dental cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form near the roots of teeth or around impacted teeth (like wisdom teeth). While many cysts are painless at first, they can grow larger over time and cause pressure, discomfort, or damage to nearby teeth. Dentists often diagnose cysts with X-rays and may recommend surgical removal to prevent complications.
Gum Boils
A gum boil, also known as a parulis, looks like a swollen bump filled with pus. It typically develops when an infection inside the tooth spreads to the surrounding gums. While it might drain occasionally and reduce discomfort temporarily, the underlying problem usually persists until a dentist treats the infected tooth.
Irritation or Trauma
Sometimes a bump on your gums is caused by something as simple as irritation. Accidentally biting your cheek, brushing too hard, or wearing ill-fitting dentures or braces can cause swelling that looks like a bump. These usually heal on their own in a few days, but persistent or painful spots should be checked by a professional.
Oral Growths or Tumors
While less common, bumps on the gums can sometimes be benign growths such as fibromas or, in rare cases, signs of oral cancer. That’s why it’s important not to ignore any unusual changes in your mouth, especially if the bump is hard, growing, or not healing after a couple of weeks.
What Should You Do if You Notice a Gum Bump?
The first step is not to panic. Many gum bumps are treatable and not dangerous if caught early. However, you should schedule a dental appointment as soon as possible so your dentist can diagnose the cause. In the meantime:
- Practice good oral hygiene.
- Avoid poking or squeezing the bump.
- Take note of any additional symptoms like pain, bleeding, or fever.
A bump on your gums is your body’s way of telling you something needs attention. Whether it’s an infection, irritation, or something more serious, early diagnosis and treatment are key. If you notice a gum bump that doesn’t heal quickly, don’t wait—see your dentist. Acting promptly will protect not only your smile but also your overall health.
About the Author
Dr. Wiese is a 1983 graduate of the Baylor College of Dentistry. His postgraduate study includes classes at the esteemed Center for Aesthetic Restorative Dentistry (CARD), where he stays current with the latest techniques in cosmetic and reconstructive dentistry. Dr. Wiese also keeps up to date in his field through memberships in organizations including the American Dental Association, the Texas Dental Association, and the Dallas Study Club. Are you experiencing a dental emergency? If so, don’t wait to schedule an appointment with us online or call our Sachse office at (972) 992-1340.